The Lipid Peroxidation End-product 4-hydroxynonenal Induces Insulin Resistance in Isolated Rat Slow-twitch Skeletal Muscle
نویسندگان
چکیده
) A)primary)defect)leading)to)the)development)of)type)2)diabetes)is)insulin)resistance)of)the) glucose)transport)system)in)skeletal)muscle.))One)factor)known)to)induce)insulin)resistance)is) oxidative)stress.))A)by>product)of)lipid)peroxidation)is)the)reactive)aldehyde)4>hydroxynonenal)(4> HNE),)an)oxidant)that)induces)a)number)of)deleterious)consequences)on)cell)function.))However,)the) impact)of)4>HNE)on)the)glucose)transport)system)in)rat)slow>twitch)skeletal)muscle)is)currently)not) known.))Therefore,)we)assessed)the)impact)of)4>HNE)on)insulin)signaling)factors)(IRS>1)protein) expression)and)phosphorylation)of)Akt)Ser473)(pAkt))and)AS160)Thr642)(pAS160)))and)on)glucose) transport)activity)in)mammalian)slow>twitch)muscle.))Strips)of)soleus)muscle)from)lean)Zucker)rats) were)incubated)with)4>HNE)(50)μM))in)the)absence)or)presence)of)insulin)(5)mU/ml))for)up)to)6)hr.)) Insulin>stimulated)glucose)transport)activity)(determined)using)2>deoxyglucose)uptake))was) decreased)by)4>HNE)at)2)hr)(30%),)4)hr)(26%),)and)6)hr)(39%))(all)p<0.05).))At)2)hr)of)4>HNE) treatment)in)the)presence)of)insulin,)pAS160)was)decreased)by)28%,)whereas)pAkt)was)only)reduced) 11%)and)IRS>1)protein)levels)were)not)changed.))At)4)hr,)pAS160)was)decreased)by)22%,)as)was) pAkt,)and)IRS>1)levels)were)39%)lower)than)in)the)control)muscles.))At)6)hr,)pAS160)was)47%)lower,) pAkt)was)decreased)by)26%,)and)IRS>1)protein)levels)were)reduced)by)51%.))Interestingly,)IRS>2) protein)levels)were)decreased)by)17%)only)at)the)6)hr)time)point.))In)summary,)these)data)indicate) that)the)lipid)peroxidation)end>product)and)oxidant)4>HNE)induces)insulin)resistance)of)glucose) transport)activity)in)rat)slow>twitch)skeletal)muscle,)initially)associated)with)impaired) phosphorylation)(and)therefore)reduced)activation))of)AS160.))Longer)durations)of)4>HNE)exposure) led)to)a)greater)impairment)of)Akt)phosphorylation)and)to)a)selective)loss)of)IRS>1)protein.))These) results)provide)further)support)for)an)important)role)of)oxidative)stress)in)the)etiology)of)skeletal) muscle)insulin)resistance.)
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